일반물리학 2 — Circuits: Problem 53

53 A car battery with a 12 V emf and an internal resistance of $0.030 \Omega$ is being charged with a current of 40 A. What are (a) the potential difference $V$ across the terminals, (b) the rate $P_r$ of energy dissipation inside the battery, and (c) the rate $P_{\text{emf}}$ of energy conversion to chemical form? When the battery is used to supply 40 A to the starter motor, what are (d) $V$ and (e) $P_r$?