Halliday, Resnick & Walker — The Kinetic Theory of Gases: Problem 88

Champagne cork popping. When the cork on a champagne bottle is pulled out, the carbon dioxide gas ($CO_{2}$) above the liquid undergoes adiabatic expansion as it pushes its way out into the air. If the bottle was initially at temperature $T_{i} = 20.0^{\circ}\text{C}$ and the gas pressure was initially at pressure $p_{i} = 7.5\text{ atm}$, what is the temperature of the gas at the end of the expansion? The decrease in temperature causes water molecules in the gas to condense, forming a fog of tiny water drops (Fig. 19.13).